LaTeX数学符号大全

1.操作符
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
± \pm \pm \mp \mp × \times \times
÷ \div \div \cdot \cdot \ast \ast
\star \star \dagger \dagger \ddagger \ddagger
⨿ \amalg \amalg \cap \cap \cup \cup
\uplus \uplus \sqcap \sqcap \sqcup \sqcup
\vee \vee \wedge \wedge \oplus \oplus
\ominus \ominus \otimes \otimes \circ \circ
\bullet \bullet \diamond \diamond \lhd \lhd
\rhd \rhd \unlhd \unlhd \unrhd \unrhd
\oslash \oslash \odot \odot \bigcirc \bigcirc
\triangleleft \triangleleft \Diamond \Diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup
\bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown \Box \Box \triangleright \triangleright
$\setminus $ \setminus \wr \wr x \sqrt{x} \sqrt{x}
x x^{\circ} x^{\circ} \triangledown \triangledown xn \sqrt[n]{x} \sqrt[n]{x}
ax a^x a^x axyz a^{xyz} a^{xyz}
2.关系符
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
\le \le \ge \ge \neq \neq
\sim \sim \ll \ll \gg \gg
\doteq \doteq \simeq \simeq \subset \subset
\supset \supset \approx \approx \asymp \asymp
\subseteq \subseteq \supseteq \supseteq \cong \cong
\smile \smile \sqsubset \sqsubset \sqsupset \sqsupset
\equiv \equiv \frown \frown \sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq
\sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq \propto \propto \bowtie \bowtie
\in \in \ni \ni \prec \prec
\succ \succ \vdash \vdash \dashv \dashv
\preceq \preceq \succeq \succeq \models \models
\perp \perp \parallel \parallel
\mid \mid \bumpeq \bumpeq \

只要将not放在符号前面或者在 \ 和单词之间插入一个 n ,就可以形成许多这些关系的否定形式,这里有一些例子,加上一些其他的否定,它也适用于许多其他的。

Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
\nmid \nmid \nleq \nleq \ngeq \ngeq
\nsim \nsim \ncong \ncong \nparallel \nparallel
̸&lt; \not&lt; \not< ̸> \not&gt; \not> ̸= \not= \not= or \neq
̸ \not\le \not\le ̸ \not\ge \not\ge ̸ \not\sim \not\sim
̸ \not \approx \not\approx ̸ \not\cong \not\cong ̸ \not\equiv \not\equiv
̸ \not\parallel \not\parallel \nless \nless \ngtr \ngtr
\lneq \lneq \gneq \gneq \lnsim \lnsim
\lneqq \lneqq \gneqq \gneqq
3.希腊字母
小写
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
α \alpha \alpha β \beta \beta γ \gamma \gamma δ \delta \delta
ϵ \epsilon \epsilon ε \varepsilon \varepsilon ζ \zeta \zeta η \eta \eta
θ \theta \theta ϑ \vartheta \vartheta ι \iota \iota κ \kappa \kappa
λ \lambda \lambda μ \mu \mu ν \nu \nu ξ \xi \xi
π \pi \pi ϖ \varpi \varpi ρ \rho \rho ϱ \varrho \varrho
σ \sigma \sigma ς \varsigma \varsigma τ \tau \tau υ \upsilon \upsilon
ϕ \phi \phi φ \varphi \varphi χ \chi \chi ψ \psi \psi
ω \omega \omega
大写
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
Γ \Gamma \Gamma Δ \Delta \Delta Θ \Theta \Theta Λ \Lambda \Lambda
Ξ \Xi \Xi Π \Pi \Pi Σ \Sigma \Sigma Υ \Upsilon \Upsilon
Φ \Phi \Phi Ψ \Psi \Psi Ω \Omega \Omega
加粗

在公式中的字母加粗:
$ \bold m $ 效果:m \bold m

4.箭头
Symbol Command Symbol Command
\gets \gets \to \to
\leftarrow \leftarrow \Leftarrow \Leftarrow
\rightarrow \rightarrow \Rightarrow \Rightarrow
\leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow
\mapsto \mapsto \hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow
\leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown
\rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons \longleftarrow \longleftarrow
\Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longrightarrow
\Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \longmapsto \longmapsto
\hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow \rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
\rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown \leadsto \leadsto
\uparrow \uparrow \Uparrow \Uparrow
\downarrow \downarrow \Downarrow \Downarrow
\updownarrow \updownarrow \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
\nearrow \nearrow \searrow \searrow
\swarrow \swarrow \nwarrow \nwarrow

(对于不喜欢键入长串字母的人,\iff和\implies可以分别替代\Longleftrightarrow和\ longrighttarrow)

5.点
Symbol Command Symbol Command
\cdot \cdot \vdots \vdots
\dots \dots \ddots \ddots
\cdots \cdots KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '\iddots' at position 1: \̲i̲d̲d̲o̲t̲s̲ \iddots
6.上标
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
x^ \hat{x} \hat{x} xˇ \check{x} \check{x} x˙ \dot{x} \dot{x}
x˘ \breve{x} \breve{x} xˊ \acute{x} \acute{x} x¨ \ddot{x} \ddot{x}
xˋ \grave{x} \grave{x} x~ \tilde{x} \tilde{x} x˚ \mathring{x} \mathring{x}
xˉ \bar{x} \bar{x} x \vec{x} \vec{x}

当对i和j应用上标时,可以使用\imath和\jmath来防止点干扰上标:

Symbol Command Symbol Command
ȷ \vec{\jmath} \vec{\jmath} ı~ \tilde{\imath} \tilde{\imath}

\tilde和\hat有很宽的版本,可以让你强调一个表达:

Symbol Command Symbol Command
7+x^ \widehat{7+x} \widehat{7+x} abc~ \widetilde{abc} \widetilde{abc}
7.其他
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
\infty \infty \triangle \triangle \angle \angle
\aleph \aleph \hbar \hbar ı \imath \imath
ȷ \jmath \jmath \ell \ell \wp \wp
\Re \Re \Im \Im \mho \mho
\prime \prime \emptyset \emptyset \nabla \nabla
\surd \surd \partial \partial \top \top
\bot \bot \vdash \vdash \dashv \dashv
\forall \forall \exists \exists ¬ \neg \neg
\flat \flat \natural \natural \sharp \sharp
\ \backslash \backslash \Box \Box \Diamond \Diamond
\clubsuit \clubsuit \diamondsuit \diamondsuit \heartsuit \heartsuit
\spadesuit \spadesuit \Join \Join \blacksquare \blacksquare
\checkmark \checkmark R \mathbb{R} \mathbb{R} © \copyright \copyright
£ \pounds \pounds \square \square \cup \cup
\bigstar \bigstar \in \in
8.命令符

有些符号用于命令中,因此需要以特殊的方式处理它们。

Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
\ \backslash \backslash &amp; \&amp; \& % \% \% # \# \#
_ \_ \_ { \{ \{ } \} \}

您可能会注意到,如果使用其中任何一个来排版垂直较大的表达式,比如

(\frac{a}{x} )^2
得到的表达式的括号的大小不对
(ax)2 (\frac{a} {x} )^2

如果我们把\left和\right放在相关的括号前,我们会得到一个更漂亮的表达式:
\left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2 会得到
(ax)2 \left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2

9.跨行或跨列的符号:
symbol command
{x+y=32x+y=5 \left\{\begin{array}{l}x+y=3\\2x+y=5\end{array}\right. \left{
x+y=3\2x+y=5
\right.
xy \left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil \left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil
xy \left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor \left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor
a0+a1+a2++anx \underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x} \underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x}
a0+a1+a2++anx \overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x} \overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x}

\left和\right也可以用来调整下列符号的大小:

Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
\uparrow \uparrow \downarrow \downarrow \updownarrow \updownarrow
\Uparrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
\sum \sum \int \int \oint \oint
\prod \prod \coprod \coprod \bigcap \bigcap
\bigcup \bigcup \bigsqcup \bigsqcup \bigvee \bigvee
\bigwedge \bigwedge \bigodot \bigodot \bigotimes \bigotimes
\bigoplus \bigoplus \biguplus \biguplus