LaTeX数学符号大全

1.操作符
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
± \pm \pm ∓ \mp \mp × \times \times
÷ \div \div ⋅ \cdot \cdot ∗ \ast \ast
⋆ \star \star † \dagger \dagger ‡ \ddagger \ddagger
⨿ \amalg \amalg ∩ \cap \cap ∪ \cup \cup
⊎ \uplus \uplus ⊓ \sqcap \sqcap ⊔ \sqcup \sqcup
∨ \vee \vee ∧ \wedge \wedge ⊕ \oplus \oplus
⊖ \ominus \ominus ⊗ \otimes \otimes ∘ \circ \circ
∙ \bullet \bullet ⋄ \diamond \diamond ⊲ \lhd \lhd
⊳ \rhd \rhd ⊴ \unlhd \unlhd ⊵ \unrhd \unrhd
⊘ \oslash \oslash ⊙ \odot \odot ◯ \bigcirc \bigcirc
◃ \triangleleft \triangleleft ◊ \Diamond \Diamond △ \bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup
▽ \bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown □ \Box \Box ▹ \triangleright \triangleright
$\setminus $ \setminus ≀ \wr \wr x \sqrt{x} \sqrt{x}
x∘ x^{\circ} x^{\circ} ▽ \triangledown \triangledown xn \sqrt[n]{x} \sqrt[n]{x}
ax a^x a^x axyz a^{xyz} a^{xyz}
2.关系符
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
≤ \le \le ≥ \ge \ge ≠ \neq \neq
∼ \sim \sim ≪ \ll \ll ≫ \gg \gg
≐ \doteq \doteq ≃ \simeq \simeq ⊂ \subset \subset
⊃ \supset \supset ≈ \approx \approx ≍ \asymp \asymp
⊆ \subseteq \subseteq ⊇ \supseteq \supseteq ≅ \cong \cong
⌣ \smile \smile ⊏ \sqsubset \sqsubset ⊐ \sqsupset \sqsupset
≡ \equiv \equiv ⌢ \frown \frown ⊑ \sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq
⊒ \sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq ∝ \propto \propto ⋈ \bowtie \bowtie
∈ \in \in ∋ \ni \ni ≺ \prec \prec
≻ \succ \succ ⊢ \vdash \vdash ⊣ \dashv \dashv
⪯ \preceq \preceq ⪰ \succeq \succeq ⊨ \models \models
⊥ \perp \perp ∥ \parallel \parallel
∣ \mid \mid ≏ \bumpeq \bumpeq \

只要将not放在符号前面或者在 \ 和单词之间插入一个 n ,就可以形成许多这些关系的否定形式,这里有一些例子,加上一些其他的否定,它也适用于许多其他的。

Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
∤ \nmid \nmid ≰ \nleq \nleq ≱ \ngeq \ngeq
≁ \nsim \nsim ≆ \ncong \ncong ∦ \nparallel \nparallel
̸&lt; \not&lt; \not< ̸> \not&gt; \not> ̸= \not= \not= or \neq
̸≤ \not\le \not\le ̸≥ \not\ge \not\ge ̸∼ \not\sim \not\sim
̸≈ \not \approx \not\approx ̸≅ \not\cong \not\cong ̸≡ \not\equiv \not\equiv
̸∥ \not\parallel \not\parallel ≮ \nless \nless ≯ \ngtr \ngtr
⪇ \lneq \lneq ⪈ \gneq \gneq ⋦ \lnsim \lnsim
≨ \lneqq \lneqq ≩ \gneqq \gneqq
3.希腊字母
小写
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
α \alpha \alpha β \beta \beta γ \gamma \gamma δ \delta \delta
ϵ \epsilon \epsilon ε \varepsilon \varepsilon ζ \zeta \zeta η \eta \eta
θ \theta \theta ϑ \vartheta \vartheta ι \iota \iota κ \kappa \kappa
λ \lambda \lambda μ \mu \mu ν \nu \nu ξ \xi \xi
π \pi \pi ϖ \varpi \varpi ρ \rho \rho ϱ \varrho \varrho
σ \sigma \sigma ς \varsigma \varsigma τ \tau \tau υ \upsilon \upsilon
ϕ \phi \phi φ \varphi \varphi χ \chi \chi ψ \psi \psi
ω \omega \omega
大写
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
Γ \Gamma \Gamma Δ \Delta \Delta Θ \Theta \Theta Λ \Lambda \Lambda
Ξ \Xi \Xi Π \Pi \Pi Σ \Sigma \Sigma Υ \Upsilon \Upsilon
Φ \Phi \Phi Ψ \Psi \Psi Ω \Omega \Omega
加粗

在公式中的字母加粗:
$ \bold m $ 效果:m \bold m

4.箭头
Symbol Command Symbol Command
← \gets \gets → \to \to
← \leftarrow \leftarrow ⇐ \Leftarrow \Leftarrow
→ \rightarrow \rightarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow \Rightarrow
↔ \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow
↦ \mapsto \mapsto ↩ \hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow
↼ \leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup ↽ \leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown
⇌ \rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons ⟵ \longleftarrow \longleftarrow
⟸ \Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow ⟶ \longrightarrow \longrightarrow
⟹ \Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow ⟷ \longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow
⟺ \Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow ⟼ \longmapsto \longmapsto
↪ \hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow ⇀ \rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
⇁ \rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown ⇝ \leadsto \leadsto
↑ \uparrow \uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow \Uparrow
↓ \downarrow \downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow \Downarrow
↕ \updownarrow \updownarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
↗ \nearrow \nearrow ↘ \searrow \searrow
↙ \swarrow \swarrow ↖ \nwarrow \nwarrow

(对于不喜欢键入长串字母的人,\iff和\implies可以分别替代\Longleftrightarrow和\ longrighttarrow)

5.点
Symbol Command Symbol Command
⋅ \cdot \cdot ⋮ \vdots \vdots
… \dots \dots ⋱ \ddots \ddots
⋯ \cdots \cdots KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '\iddots' at position 1: \̲i̲d̲d̲o̲t̲s̲ \iddots
6.上标
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
x^ \hat{x} \hat{x} xˇ \check{x} \check{x} x˙ \dot{x} \dot{x}
x˘ \breve{x} \breve{x} xˊ \acute{x} \acute{x} x¨ \ddot{x} \ddot{x}
xˋ \grave{x} \grave{x} x~ \tilde{x} \tilde{x} x˚ \mathring{x} \mathring{x}
xˉ \bar{x} \bar{x} x⃗ \vec{x} \vec{x}

当对i和j应用上标时,可以使用\imath和\jmath来防止点干扰上标:

Symbol Command Symbol Command
ȷ⃗ \vec{\jmath} \vec{\jmath} ı~ \tilde{\imath} \tilde{\imath}

\tilde和\hat有很宽的版本,可以让你强调一个表达:

Symbol Command Symbol Command
7+x^ \widehat{7+x} \widehat{7+x} abc~ \widetilde{abc} \widetilde{abc}
7.其他
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
∞ \infty \infty △ \triangle \triangle ∠ \angle \angle
ℵ \aleph \aleph ℏ \hbar \hbar ı \imath \imath
ȷ \jmath \jmath ℓ \ell \ell ℘ \wp \wp
ℜ \Re \Re ℑ \Im \Im ℧ \mho \mho
′ \prime \prime ∅ \emptyset \emptyset ∇ \nabla \nabla
√ \surd \surd ∂ \partial \partial ⊤ \top \top
⊥ \bot \bot ⊢ \vdash \vdash ⊣ \dashv \dashv
∀ \forall \forall ∃ \exists \exists ¬ \neg \neg
♭ \flat \flat ♮ \natural \natural ♯ \sharp \sharp
\ \backslash \backslash □ \Box \Box ◊ \Diamond \Diamond
♣ \clubsuit \clubsuit ♢ \diamondsuit \diamondsuit ♡ \heartsuit \heartsuit
♠ \spadesuit \spadesuit ⋈ \Join \Join ■ \blacksquare \blacksquare
✓ \checkmark \checkmark R \mathbb{R} \mathbb{R} © \copyright \copyright
£ \pounds \pounds □ \square \square ∪ \cup \cup
★ \bigstar \bigstar ∈ \in \in
8.命令符

有些符号用于命令中,因此需要以特殊的方式处理它们。

Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
\ \backslash \backslash &amp; \&amp; \& % \% \% # \# \#
_ \_ \_ { \{ \{ } \} \}

您可能会注意到,如果使用其中任何一个来排版垂直较大的表达式,比如

(\frac{a}{x} )^2
得到的表达式的括号的大小不对
(ax)2 (\frac{a} {x} )^2

如果我们把\left和\right放在相关的括号前,我们会得到一个更漂亮的表达式:
\left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2 会得到
(ax)2 \left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2

9.跨行或跨列的符号:
symbol command
{x+y=32x+y=5 \left\{\begin{array}{l}x+y=3\\2x+y=5\end{array}\right. \left{
x+y=3\2x+y=5
\right.
⌈xy⌉ \left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil \left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil
⌊xy⌋ \left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor \left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor
a0+a1+a2+⋯+an⎵x \underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x} \underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x}
a0+a1+a2+⋯+an⏞x \overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x} \overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x}

\left和\right也可以用来调整下列符号的大小:

Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
↑ \uparrow \uparrow ↓ \downarrow \downarrow ↕ \updownarrow \updownarrow
⇑ \Uparrow \Uparrow ⇓ \Downarrow \Downarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
∑ \sum \sum ∫ \int \int ∮ \oint \oint
∏ \prod \prod ∐ \coprod \coprod ⋂ \bigcap \bigcap
⋃ \bigcup \bigcup ⨆ \bigsqcup \bigsqcup ⋁ \bigvee \bigvee
⋀ \bigwedge \bigwedge ⨀ \bigodot \bigodot ⨂ \bigotimes \bigotimes
⨁ \bigoplus \bigoplus ⨄ \biguplus \biguplus